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April is Pet First Aid Awareness Month, a time to focus on keeping dogs safe and knowing what to do in an emergency. Recognising the signs that your dog may need first aid can make all the difference, whether you’re on a walk or at home.
Dogs can’t tell us when something is wrong, so it’s up to us to notice the signs of illness or injury. Being prepared and knowing what to look for can help prevent minor issues from becoming serious emergencies.
This guide covers key signs that your dog may need first aid, common injuries that can happen on walks, and what to do if you spot a problem.
Why Pet First Aid Matters
Dogs love to explore, sometimes leading to trouble, especially with puppies. Some of the most common injuries include:
- Cuts and scrapes
- Insect stings
- Heat exhaustion
- Poisoning
- Sprains or broken nails
Knowing basic first aid and having a pet first aid kit can help you act quickly and keep your dog comfortable while seeking veterinary care.
Simple steps like carrying a pet first aid kit, checking your dog’s vital signs, and recognising early signs of distress can save your dog’s life in an emergency.
So, what should you look for when you’re out and about?
Signs Your Dog Needs First Aid
If you notice these signs, your dog may need immediate care.
1. Limping or Sudden Lameness
This may be caused by
- A cut, thorn, or broken nail
- Muscle strain or sprain
- An insect sting or allergic reaction
- Joint problems, such as arthritis or a dislocation
Check their paws for cuts, swelling, or stuck objects, and gently feel for any tenderness. If limping continues or your dog appears in pain, see a vet.
2. Excessive Panting or Difficulty Breathing
Panting is normal after exercise, but heavy or laboured breathing can indicate:
- Heat exhaustion or heatstroke
- An allergic reaction (especially to insect bites or stings)
- A respiratory issue
If your dog struggles to breathe, has blue or pale gums, or collapses, seek emergency veterinary help immediately.
3. Bleeding or Open Wounds
Minor cuts can usually be cleaned and monitored, but deeper wounds need immediate attention. Look for:
- Excessive bleeding that doesn’t stop within a few minutes
- Deep puncture wounds (which can lead to infection)
- Torn nails that won’t stop bleeding
Apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth and seek veterinary care if needed.
4. Vomiting or Diarrhoea
Occasional stomach upset can be expected, but frequent vomiting or diarrhoea may signal:
- Poisoning or toxin ingestion
- Heatstroke
- A serious underlying illness
If vomiting or diarrhoea persists, contains blood, or is accompanied by weakness, contact your vet immediately.
5. Sudden Collapse or Weakness
If your dog collapses or appears weak, possible causes include:
- Heatstroke
- Poisoning
- A seizure
- A heart issue
Stay calm, check their breathing, and call the vet immediately. If you’re on holiday, get details about a local vet to save time.
6. Excessive Scratching, Swelling, or Skin Irritation
Sudden itching, swelling, or hives may indicate an allergic reaction from:
- Insect bites or stings
- Plants or chemicals
- Food allergies
Mild reactions may settle independently, but if your dog has difficulty breathing or worsening swelling, seek urgent help.
7. Changes in Behaviour or Unusual Lethargy
If your ordinarily energetic dog suddenly seems weak, confused, or overly tired, possible causes include:
- Heat exhaustion
- An infection or illness
- Pain from an injury
Trust your instincts—if something seems off, contact your vet.
Common First Aid Situations on Walks & What to Do
While we can’t prevent every accident, being prepared can help keep your dog safe.
1. Cut or Injured Paw Pads
Dogs can cut their paws on sharp objects, broken glass, or rough terrain. If your dog is limping or bleeding:
- Check for debris and remove any visible objects
- Clean the wound with saline or clean water
- Apply pressure if bleeding and cover with a clean dressing
- Avoid walking on rough surfaces and see a vet if the wound is deep
2. Heatstroke or Overheating
Heatstroke is a life-threatening emergency, especially in warmer months. Signs include:
- Excessive panting and drooling
- Lethargy or collapse
- Vomiting or diarrhoea
If your dog shows signs of overheating:
- Move them to a shaded area
- Offer cool (not ice-cold) water
- Wet their paws, belly, and ears with cool water
- Call your vet immediately
3. Ticks, Stings, or Bites
Dogs often pick up ticks or get stung by bees, wasps, or ants.
If you spot a tick:
- Use tweezers or a tick remover to pull it out close to the skin
- Avoid twisting or squeezing to prevent infection
- Monitor for swelling or illness after removal
For stings:
- Remove the sting (if visible)
- Apply a cold compress
- If swelling worsens or your dog has trouble breathing, seek vet help immediately.
4. Poisoning from Plants or Substances
Many common plants and substances are toxic to dogs, including:
- Blue-green algae (found in lakes and ponds)
- Wild mushrooms
- Antifreeze, pesticides, or chemicals
- Chocolate or grapes (if eaten on a walk)
If you suspect poisoning, call a vet immediately. Do not make your dog vomit unless advised.
5. Broken Nails or Sprains
If your dog suddenly pulls up lame or yelps:
- Check for broken nails, thorns, or injuries
- If limping continues, see a vet
- Keep them calm and avoid further strain
Be Prepared: Carry a Dog First Aid Kit
A basic first aid kit can be a lifesaver in an emergency. Include:
- Saline solution (for cleaning wounds)
- Antiseptic wipes
- Bandages and gauze
- Tick remover
- Tweezers and scissors
- Cooling pad or instant cold pack
- Emergency vet contact details
Final Thoughts
April is a great time to refresh your knowledge of pet first aid. Awareness, preparation, and quick action when something seems wrong are the key to keeping your dog safe.
Always contact your vet if you’re unsure about an injury or symptom.
I am part of a great blog circle. Find out what Helen of Love to Paws says about April and National Pet First Aid.
Legal Disclaimer:
Derek Chambers and Finchley Dog Walker are not veterinary professionals. Any advice, information, or recommendations are based on personal experience and general canine care knowledge. This content is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Under the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 & Exemptions Order 2015, only qualified veterinary professionals are legally permitted to diagnose, prescribe, or provide treatment for medical conditions. If you have concerns about your dog’s health or well-being, always seek advice from a qualified veterinarian before taking any action.